APES 500 及 test 答案-webtoon漫画漫画
CHAP 1
1-5 CADDC
6-10 BEAEC
11-15 EDBAD
16-20 DEBED
21-25 ABBCC
26-30 EECBC
CHAP 2
34-38 ACACB
39-43 BEDEC
44-48 DCABC
49-53 DCBCA
54-58 DADDA
59-64 ABCAE
CHAP 3
67-71 BACAD
72-76 BCABC
77-81 DEBEB
82-86 EDBDC
87-91 ABECD
92-96 ABCAD
68
77
84
CHAP 4
100-104 BDABB
105-109 DCEEC
110-114 DEDAB
115-119 ADCAA
120-124 CBECA
125-129 BBBDD
117 frost wedging 冰劈作用
Frost wedging is the process by which water/ ice weathers and erodes landscapes through repeated freeze and thaw cycles. As water freezes it expands by 9 percent, wedging the rock apart only to melt again during the summer months.
CHAP 5
133-137 BAADD
138-142 ECEAB
143-147 CBADD
148-152 ACECA
153-157 DACEB
158-162 DCEBA
CHAP 6
166-170 CCBEA
171-175 BDEBD
176-180 D(B?)ADAA
181-185 EDCAD
186-190 BDACC
191-195 BCCEC
196-200 BCBAA
CHAP 7
204-208 BDDDC
209-213 ADCBE
214-218 ADDBD
219-223 ACEBD
224-228 DCCAB
229-233 CBCBC
chap 8
237-241 CCBAD
242-246 DECEA
247-251 ADDAE
252-256 BDBAC
257-261 BAEEB
262-266 CCADE
chap 9
270-274 BADCE
275-279 ACBDA
280-284 BBCED
285-289 AECDA
290-294 CBEDB
295-298 CAAC
CHAP 10
302-306 DCBAC
307-311 DACCA
312-316 DEADC
317-321 EDDEB
322-326 BDDAE
327-331 CACBD
Chap11
335-339 ADCCE
340-344 DBCCB
345-349 ADABA
350-354 ACCDB
355-359 BCACD
360-364 CAACD
365 D
Chap 12
369-373 BBACE
374-378 DCBDD
379-383 DACEC
384-388 DBAAB
389-393 DCBAC
394-398 CDBDB
374
α射线,又称α粒子流。α粒子是高速运动的带正电的氦原子核。由于α粒子是带正电的重粒子,质量大,电荷多,电离本领大,但穿透能力差。在α、β、γ三种射线中,α射线的穿透能力最差,在空气中的射程只有1~2厘米,通常用一张纸就可以挡住α粒子。但α射线的电离能力却是三种射线中最大的,穿过空气时可以使空气变为导体。
许多放射性核素能自发发射α射线,如铀、镭和钚。
由α射线的特征可以知道,防护来自外部的α射线是比较容易的,或者说,α射线只要不进入体内,对人体是不会有大的影响的。但如果α放射性物质经吸入、食入或由伤口等途径进入到人体,由于其释出的具有强的电离能力,会对邻近的组织产生较大照射,对人α粒子体的影响要大于其他射线。
β射线是高速运动的电子流,带负电荷,质量很小,贯穿本领比α粒子强,电离能力比α粒子弱。β射线在空气中的射程,因其能量不同而有较大差异,一般为几米。通常用一般的金属板或有一定厚度的有机玻璃板就可以较好地阻挡β射线对人的照射。
许多放射性核素能自发发射β射线,如氚、碳-14和锶-90。
β射线具有一定的穿透本领和电离能力,容易被人体表面组织所吸收,引起组织表层的损伤,由体内β放射性物质释出的β射线也可能对健康产生一定的影响。从保护人的健康考虑,既要注意防止外部β射线的直接照射,防止高能β粒子可能引起的皮肤烧伤,也要防止吸入被β放射性物质污染的空气或食入污染的食物,并避免皮肤(特别是伤口)被污染。
γ射线是波长很短的高能电磁波,它不带电,不具有直接电离的能力,但可以通过和物质的相互作用,间接引起电离效应。γ射线具有很强的穿透能力。不同放射性核素发射的γ射线,能量可以有很大差异,因而γ射线在空气中的射程也是不同的,通常为几百米(注意:某一放射源向空气中发射γ射线,放射源周围四面八方都将接收到γ射线。随着离源距离增大,接收γ射线的球面积迅速增长,γ射线的强度迅速变小,几百米后γ射线的强度一般已很小)。要想有效阻挡γ射线,一般需要采用厚的混凝土墙或重金属(如铁、铅)板块。
许多放射性核素能自发发射γ射线,如在核技术应用中经常使用的钴-60、铱-192等。
γ射线穿透力强,不直接引起电离效应,因此,从保护人体健康考虑,要特别注意防止外部γ射线的照射。
379
核废料的特征是:
①放射性: 核废料的放射性不能用一般的物理、化学和生物方法消除,只能靠放射性核素自身的衰变而减少。
②射线危害: 核废料放出的射线通过物质时,发生电离和激发作用,对生物体会引起辐射损伤。
③热能释放: 核废料中放射性核素通过衰变放出能量,当放射性核素含量较高时,释放的热能会导致核废料的 温度不断上升,甚至使溶液自行沸腾,固体自行熔融。
386
轻水反应堆是以水和汽水混合物作为冷却剂和慢化剂的反应堆,是和平利用核能的一种方式。
Chap13
402-406 BECAA
407-411 DAECC
412-416 DBDBB
417-421 BBCAA
422-426 EDCBB
427-431 CBBEC
chap 14
435-439 BABCE
440-444 ADCBE
445-449 ECAED
450-454 BCAEB
455-459 BCADE
460-464 DBACE
436
The Clean Air Act is the law that defines EPA's responsibilities for protecting and improving the nation's air quality and the stratospheric ozone layer.
The Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR) was designed to ad- dress interstate transport of ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution. To do so, CAIR required certain states to limit annual emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur dioxide
445
In 1991, the U.S. and Canada entered into an agreement to address transboundary air pollution, whereby pollutants released at one location can travel long distances, affecting air quality at their sources, as well as many miles away. The 1991 Agreement led to reductions in acid rain in the 1990s, and was expanded in 2000 to reduce transboundary smog emissions under the Ozone Annex.
CHAP 15
468-472 BACDE
473-477 BCACE
478-482 DBCAB
483-487 DEECD
488-492 CABCD
493-497 EEEAD
482
“Polar amplification” usually refers to greater climate change near the pole compared to the rest of the hemisphere or globe in response to a change in global climate forcing, such as the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs)
483
为什么铁比铝贵?
虽然铝在地壳中的储量要比铁多,但是铝的生产工艺要比铁复杂的多,铝是比较活泼的金属元素,冶炼需要通过电解法,用碳是不能还原出铝的,但是用碳可以还原出铁。碳热还原成本要明显低于电解,电解极为费电,因此在整个生产过程中所要消耗的成本比铁高。因此铝明显比铁成本高,所以要贵,所以铝的价格要高于铁。
为什么铝罐比铁罐便宜?
市面上王老吉、八宝粥、红牛等是用的比较硬的铁罐,是因为被包装物是没有压力的,用铝罐容易变形。铁罐在业内也叫三片罐,铁三片罐的生产工艺,较多是先平板印刷,然后裁剪后焊接成圆,先在制罐厂配上顶或底盖,然后在灌装后配上对应的底或顶盖。
铝罐优点是不易破碎、重量轻、不透光。市面上一般的碳酸饮料(可乐、啤酒等)使用铝罐是因为铝罐不易被酸腐蚀,而且铝罐易于成型,制造成本相对低廉。而汽水里面的压力比常压大,在压力的作用下,不用担心变形。而且铝罐能保证汽水中二氧化碳的压力,让汽水达到更好的口感效果。所以需要一个坚固耐用的铝罐以防止运输存储过程中造成的变形。铝易拉罐使用的不是纯铝,而是铝合金。国内的工艺,绝大部分都是由铝卷冲压后,滚筒印刷,配易拉盖,业内也叫两片罐。
虽然铝的价格比较高,换成铝罐节约成本,一个是铝罐轻于铁罐,所以单个罐成本反而下降 第二个是铝罐是两片罐,铁罐是三片罐,工艺上铝罐也节省成本。至于卖废品时候铝罐比铁罐值钱,是因为铝罐好回收再利用,而铁罐是镀锡板,上面有层锡,一般的小工厂还没那个工艺回收利用。
494
test 1
1-5 ADBCA
6-10 CDEBA
11-15 BCEAD
16-20 EDBAC
21-25 BDACE
26-30 BEDCA
31-35 EBDEB
36-40 DAADB
41-45 CCAEB
46-50 CBEAA
51-55 ABBCD
56-60 CCADD
61-65 ECBDE
66-70 BADAC
71-75 EADED
76-80 EBBCC
81-85 BCBEA
86-90 BEABD
91-95 EADDC
96-100 CCDDD
73 subsidence 下沉,下陷
test 2
1-5 DBADC
6-10 DABEC
11-15 CBDEA
16-20 ACBED
21-25 EBCAD
26-30 BCAED
31-35 DADAE
36-40 ADBAB
41-45 BBCCD
46-50 BDEEB
51-55 DCEBC
56-60 BDDDD
61-65 BCBCE
66-70 CBDAA
71-75 DABBA
76-80 CCCEC
81-85 CDCCD
86-90 AABBC
91-95 EADBE
96-100 EDACD
47
(A), (C), and (E) all require the use of more mineral (and therefore nonrenewable) resources. (B) consumes mineral resources and is also costly. Sustainability is the ability of people to utilize a resource over the long term (for many generations). This can most economically be achieved by reducing demand and finding ways to reduce waste as much as possible. Replacing incandescent lightbulbs with florescent lightbulbs is one example of a way to decrease waste.
48
CAFE is a standard enacted by U.S. Congress in 1975 with the objective to improve fuel economy for all vehicles produced for sale in the U.S. The acronym stands for Corporate Average Fuel Economy, because it applies to automotive corporations marketing cars in the U.S. and the objective was to improve average fuel economy.
1998 Troubled Waters statement
Explain the ocean problems to the public